Flexural Test For Glass Fibre Reinforced Polymer Coursework

Flexural Test For Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer - Coursework Example After that a flexural test will be finished utilizing a three point twisting technique. The principle goal of this analysis is to grow the information about the GFRP and its conduct. Glass fiber strengthened unsaturated polyester (GFRP) were exposed to water drenching tests to know the consequences of the water retention on the mechanical properties. 20 examples with 10cm long of GFRP were utilized to this analysis, estimating their weight under various kinds of water and temperatures. Salt water and typical water was under 20c and 60c temperatures. The heaviness of these examples was taken during an alternate timeframes. The heaviness of the GFRP examples was expanded somewhat in the two kinds of water for a couple of days until it was steady. After that a flexural test (three point bowing test) was done on these GFRP examples. (H Dhakal, Z Zhang, M Richardson, 2006) Equipment 1: Water ingestion test The retention of water for the Glass fiber-strengthened polyester (GFRP) remains th e key system for corrupting mechanical property in this investigation. A water shower machine as in the figure (ten) and two cups of glass as on the figure (eleven) were utilized in this test. The water shower has 6oc water and the two cups were at 20c water temperature. The loads of one single example from each gathering were taken in an alternate time periods.â Â ... Gathering 1 and 2 were in two containers set apart with An and B as on the figure (thirteen). Container A was containing new water and container B was containing salt water. The 2 containers were inside a water shower machine at 60c water temperature. Gathering 3 and 4 were in two cups of glass set apart with An and B as on figure (eleven). Cup A was containing new water at 20c and cup B was containing salt water at 20c too. Each gathering has five examples. The loads of one single example from each gathering were taken in an alternate timeframes utilizing a delicate scale as on figure (fourteen). At the principal day the weight was taken each hour for 6 hours. After that the weight was taken once consistently until the weight is settled. Toward the end the flexural test was accomplished for all the examples and each example has its own flexural chart. Figure thirteen: containers at 60c temperature Figure fourteen: delicate scale Results and Discussion: Water assimilation test Water retention test were led by drenching the GFRP examples in de-ionized water and salt water. The water shower machine at 60c was containing 2 gatherings, bunch 1 was in A container containing a typical water and gathering 2 was in B container containing a salt water. Gatherings 3 and 4 were at 20c in a glass cups bunch 3 was in A glass cup containing a typical water and gathering 4 was in B glass cup containing a salt water. The submersion for the examples into the water was absolutely for 144hr. after submersion for 1hr, one example from each gathering were removed from the water and all surface water was evacuated with a clean delicate dry material. The examples were weighed routinely at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 24, 48, 72, up to 144hr. ( H Dhakal, Z Zhang ,M Richardson ,2006) After submersion the GFRP examples into the water for seven days at encompassing temperature at 60c and 20c, all

Climate change and H5N1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Environmental change and H5N1 - Essay Example This subtype infection was first found in 1960 in china. It was then found in Hong Kong as an immediate transmission of the infection from flying creatures to people. Ongoing investigations show that the wide spread measurements of the infection is accounted for more than 60 nations on the planet. Researchers have been keeping watch to dissect whether the worldwide environmental change has any hazard factors towards the across the board viral circumstance (Joan,138). Various examinations have been accounted for towards the infection exceptionally pathogenic avian flu infections H5N1. Through understanding the reasons for the condition method of spread, discoveries can be finished up towards the impacts of environmental change as a hazard factor. Various examinations will be broke down here. Various years will be investigated moreover. Information for the diverse mainland spread is broke down here through the periods when the worldwide climatic impacts were felt. The sickness flu is brought about by transmission of the infection from winged animals to people. The inclining hazard factor is coming into contact with the infection. Research was done over the various mainlands from January 2004 to December 2009. All through this period, the plague waves are surveyed. A worldwide temperature alteration that has upgraded the mosquito transmitting the infection to flourish in various landmasses. These have been felt generally in the northern America just as Europe. The over the top warmth during the late-spring time frame has seen an enormous episode of the malady. The mosquito transmits the feathered creature thusly it enters the human frameworks. The infection has been broke down and seen to endure all the more adequately during the chilly climate. This thusly prompts its wide spread throughout the winter and late-spring. The worldwide change in atmosphere has cause an alternate pattern in the development of winged animals that convey the infection from Asia to different pieces of the world. Their development involves a more extended remain in one spot, absence of standard relocation development in time evaluation, the length before halting

Judy Chicago Essay Example for Free

Judy Chicago Essay Judy Chicago was a â€Å"celebrated craftsman, author and a women's activist. † On July 20, 1939, Arthur and May Cohen of Chicago, Illinois who were then a work coordinator and a clinical secretary individually were honored with a child young lady and they named her Judy. In 1962, she earned her Bachelor’s Degree on Fine expressions at UCLA. Following 2 years, she got her Master’s certificate on a similar course and at a similar college. By 1977, Judy was at that point getting honors and compensations for her fine arts and craftsmanship presentations especially at the â€Å"Los Angeles County Museum of Art. † In 1969, Judy chose to change her name to Judy Chicago to pay tribute to her old neighborhood. She had the option to lead a â€Å"one-lady appear at California State University at Fullerton in 1970. † While Judy’s vocation was developing, her exquisite life was not doing so well. Following 2 years of marriage Jerry Gerowitz, she turned into a widow. At that point, she met Lloyd Hamrol in 1969 and separated from him following 10 years. Her last spouse was Donald Woodman whom she wedded in 1985 (Harvard University Library). At the point when Chicago was in her late 20’s to mid 30’s, she tried different things with the utilization of â€Å"reduced geometric shapes. † More along these lines, she used every different type of craftsmanship to pass on her moderate style. The usage of essential structures and hues joined with the avoidance of â€Å"incisive social commentary,† Chicago had the option to put structure or significance to her thoughts and workmanship procedures. Therefore, she had the option to make craftsmanships that â€Å"were formulative to her milestone â€Å"spectral color† hypothesis that has educated all regarding her ensuing work† (Through the Flower). During the 1960s to 1970s, American culture was stimulated by activism which urged people in general to scrutinize business as usual or the decision class. It was in this period that Chicago was motivated to start another development in the craftsmanship world called the Feminist Art (Through the Flower). The unordinary political and social perspectives on Chicago were the aftereffects of â€Å"her youth impacts, for example, her dad who was an individual from the Communist Party and perceived the persecution of ladies. † She was viewed as a major aspect of the â€Å"red-diaper baby† type wherein the vast majority of the kids conceived in the mid 1940s were brought up in a continuously way which was a â€Å"spillover of the WWII climate of liberal and Communist thinkers† yet on account of Chicago, it was to a greater extent a â€Å"working-class Jews† situation. All the more thus, inside the family Judy, the â€Å"left-wing politics† supplanted Orthodox Judaism. † Through this, Judy was molded into having a personality that was connected to the Jewish culture with a notoriety of being a scholarly with â€Å"a responsibility to social equity. † This plainly turned into the establishment for the production of Chicago’s radical and socially important works of art including the Holocaust Project: From Darkness Into Light (WordPress. com). Chicago began to show women's liberation through craftsmanship instruction and other scholastic projects for ladies at â€Å"California State University, Fresno, and the California Institute of the Arts. † According to Chicago, â€Å"Women’s history was ignored or included, rather than coordinated into the full history of the human species†¦both verifiably and unequivocally the message that is conveyed is that what ladies did wasn’t important† (Pogrebin 1). It was in these scholarly organizations that Chicago established the â€Å"Feminist Art Program† that yielded the Womanhouse, which was the â€Å"first establishment exhibiting a transparently female perspective in workmanship. Chicago’s thoughts assisted with starting an overall Feminist Art development. † Then this was trailed by the production of Chicago’s one of most well known gem, The Dinner Party. This fine art was centered around depicting the historical backdrop of ladies. It was a mixed media venture that demonstrated the advancement of the female specie in the Western Civilization. As a result of the ground breaking idea and exceptional methodology and the tremendous help from the individuals everywhere throughout the world, The Dinner Party turned into a gigantic achievement (Through the Flower). The Dinner Party is a 48 feet triangle-formed table which is set for 39 critical ladies from history to folklore. Every one of the arrangement of plate was planned to outwardly respect the comparing lady. Various sorts and plans of table products were flung everywhere throughout the table. Be that as it may, it was the plates that encapsulated Chicago’s innovativeness and particular characteristics. The plates were painted with â€Å"an undulating, flowerlike reflection of womanliness. † Additionally, the porcelain base contained the 999 additional names of separated ladies everywhere throughout the world. In this specific gem, Chicago was attempting to confer women’s history to wide and various kinds of people (WordPress. com). In general The Dinner Party was an enormous endeavor for Chicago that mirrored her enthusiasm, convictions and character. After this, Chicago wandered into making another extraordinary bit of craftsmanship which was called Birth Project. This venture was involved a few gigantic â€Å"series of birth and creation pictures for needlework,† which were unpredictably made by gifted specialists from various pieces of the nation. In her later years, Chicago had the option to deliver various works of art in different structures, for example, compositions, models, drawings and numerous others. In Powerplay, she consolidated a women's activist perspective to the â€Å"gender build of masculinity† (Through the Flower). Through Judy Chicago’s enduring conviction that craftsmanship can be an instrument for passing on â€Å"intellectual change, social change and women’s option to take part in the most elevated level of workmanship production,† she had the option to change how ladies saw in present day world. In view of her numerous accomplishments, she had the option to build up herself as a â€Å"an craftsman, essayist, instructor, and humanist whose work and life are models for a developed meaning of workmanship, an extended job for the craftsman, and womens right to opportunity of expression† (Judychicago. com). Works Cited â€Å"Biography. † 2009. Judychicago. com. 13 April 2009 http://www. judychicago. com/? p=biography â€Å"Chicago, Judy. † September 2004. Harvard University Library. 13 April 2009 http://desert garden. lib. harvard. edu/desert garden/convey/deepLinkcollection=oasisuniqueId=sch00326 â€Å"Judy Chicago. †2009. Through the Flower. 12 April 2009 http://www. throughtheflower. organization/page. php? p=40n=3 â€Å"Judy Chicago: Art As Activism. † 26 October 2007. WordPress. com. 13 April 2009 http://ourdescent. wordpress. com/2007/10/28/judy-chicago-craftsmanship as-activism/Pogrebin, Robin. â€Å"Ms. Chicago, Party of 39? Your Table’s Ready in Brooklyn. 1 February 2007. The New York Times. 13 April 2009 http://www. nytimes. com/2007/02/01/expressions/plan/01party. html? pagewanted=1_r=3fta=y

Traditional African Religions Essay - 275 Words

Traditional African Religions (Essay Sample) Content: NameProfessorCourse DateAfrican Traditional Religions versus ChristianityIn the past decades, the African religious beliefs were practiced and valued by many Africans (Mbiti 56). However, in the last fifty years, Christianity has become more prominent. Theoretically, West African has the highest population of Africans who still value these traditions. There are several differences between Christianity and the African Religious traditions. In the paper, the differences are categorized in terms of perceptions of God, divinity, the role of the spirit, the dead and sacrifice.The perception of GodIn their belief, the African traditionalists do not consider God to be a man (Thomas 88). However, for them to relay certain perceptions, they employ certain images and languages to aid their conceptualization of him that they do not see. In their religion, God is an all-day reality, who participates in all the affairs of their activities (Mbiti 59). Christians on their part belie ve in one God, who they refer to as Omnipotent.The DeadIn Christianity, The biblical teaching shows that human beings have only one life on earth. After death, they believe in a single judgment of the soul followed by punishment or the everlasting rest of the soul depending on the deeds on earth. However, many forms of African religions educate on the reincarnation of the spirit into the realms of living (Magesa 68).Role of the SpiritIn African Traditional Religions, when a person is possessed by the spirit, there were negative consequences that could follow (Walls 79). However, in some cases, the spirit was only acquired to gain certain wisdom (Thomas 78). In contrary, the Christians believe that the spirit of God comes to all who believe in Lord Jesus. To them, a spiritual possession was a sign of consideration as sons of God.Sacrifices African traditional religions bel...

Internet Censorship - Just Say No - 1369 Words

Internet Censorship: Just Say No In December of 1994, a young college student named Jake Baker posted one of his fiction pieces in an alt.sex newsgroup. Usually, his contributions to this widely-read site consisted of short stories about rape, torture, and murder of women. In this particular newsgroup post, he continued with his usual contributions; however, he took it a bit further by writing about one of his fellow classmates, using her name and identity in the piece. Faculty members at the University of Michigan discovered his story and later expelled him from school. Federal agents then raided his house, arrested him, and discovered copies of e-mail Baker had exchanged with a Canadian, mapping out his and the Canadians plan to†¦show more content†¦Obviously, Jane Doe couldnt ignore something like that so easily, and it was only natural that she pressed charges. But according to the First Amendment and federal law, Bakers threats were unsuccessful; therefore, no action couldve (or shouldve) been taken ag ainst him. In thinking about cases such as Jake Bakers, it truly would be too difficult to enforce United States standards and regulations on a global medium such as the Internet. There are probably millions of sites out there on the Web that contain such sexual content as did Bakers story. As one University of Michigan student mentions, The Internet allows individuals access to a larger audience. This effectively gave Baker a larger audience for his stories, which otherwise would have never seen them....I definitely question the wisdom of allowing just anyone access to such publishing power...but Im not sure that I even consider Usenet news as real media (http://krusty.eecs.umich.edu/). The same student goes on to say that Bakers stories were reserved only for a section entitled alt.sex.stories -- a place filled with sexually explicit stories -- therefore, Baker had the right to publish his offensive sex stories, since it was contained within this separate Internet section. Usenet news may not be real media, but I still think that the Internet would be too difficult to censor entirely,Show MoreRelatedThe Importance Of Censorship1199 Words   |  5 PagesAmerica, find censorship helpful when it protects their children from harmful things, but they are against censorship when it is used out of context. Parents seem to appreciate censorship more when it shelters children from learning indecent things in the world that could cause danger to themselves or the others around them (Pillai, Prabhakar ). But censorship is not always good like when it is used in school’s or in books; but censorship can be helpful when it is used on the internet, social mediaRead More Internet Censorship Survey Essay1610 Words   |  7 PagesInternet Censorship Survey Topics of censorship involving the different media have always drawn lively responses from people when asked about them. The media categories of television, printing and recordings now include the Internet. I conducted a survey of people to find out their opnion on the new medium. I asked people, Do you think that there should be censorship on the Internet?. I conducted this survey during the week of February 14, 1997. I particularly chose this question becauseRead MoreEssay on Pros and Cons of Censorship: Controlling Media and Ideas769 Words   |  4 PagesCensorship, or what I like to call â€Å"controlled media†, is the control of ideas and content in our world. For as long as people have discovered that human beings have free will, there has been a way to regulate, govern and block the expression of its uses. There are many types of censorship when it comes to military, religion, political, public media or for just morale reasons. There have naturally been debates on whether censorship has truly been a restraint of expression, imposed to protect peopleRead MoreThe Invention Of The World Wide Web1674 Words   |  7 Pagesto another, to wondering if it were safe, there have always and will continue to be questions about the great creation. As time has passed and the web has gotten more sophisticated, more questions are constan tly brought up wondering how safe the internet is for the users. Those users ranging from businesses that use the web to gather consumers to the casual user who roams leisurely through the web for various reasons. In this day and age where the web is such an essential part of life, there areRead MoreThe Pros And Cons Of Internet Censorship1042 Words   |  5 PagesCensorship comes in many forms and for a lot of different reasons but when it comes to the internet, for the most part it is beneficial. It can provide security for sensitive material. The things that minors are exposed to can be limited. Also you can make sure that it is not used to cause chaos. Furthermore it would seem to be a beneficial part of online life. It can provide security for important documents and conversations. Internet censorship can help with cyber security when important informationRead More Internet Censorship Essay802 Words   |  4 PagesInternet Censorship Internet Censorship. What does this mean to us? What is restricted? Censorship is summarily defined as the suppression of objectionable material. That means that material such as pornography, militant information, offensive language, anti-religion, and racism would be restricted in use. Freedom would not only be restricted to material placed on the web, but also what you could access, and where you could explore. Should the right of Freedom of Speech be taken away fromRead MoreInternet Censorship Essay994 Words   |  4 Pagesthey want to or not. In this day in age where just about everything is regulated in one fashion or another, many are calling for the censorship of Internet pornography. While some say it is a necessity when it comes to the industry, others argue it is downright unlawful. Internet pornography is a billion dollar industry that shows no signs of slowing down. Some argue that it may be high time to step in and slow it down for them in the form of censorship. A recent study concluded that there are aroundRead MoreCensorship And Censorship Of The Internet985 Words   |  4 Pagesissue of Censorship of the Internet in America has become a trending topic. The internet has been commonly censored to comply with the Digital Millennium Rights Act, but in recent times our government has been requesting more aggressive censorship in order to provide a safer cyberspace. If the American government began to censor the internet, the restriction will result in suppression of freedom of the press, hindering freedom of speech, and reduce the plethora of information on the internet. If AmericaRead MoreCensorship Filters The Media Within The World1574 Words   |  7 PagesDoes censorship filter the media within the world? Censorship has followed the free expressions of men and women like a shadow throughout history. Censorship is a way to filter the media in the world by suppressing unacceptable viewings or hearings by not showing, bleeping out, and covering the distasteful parts. In ancient societies, China for example, censorship was considered a logical tool for regulating the political and moral life of the population. The term censor can be traced to the officeRead More We Dont Need Internet Censorship Essay1350 Words   |  6 PagesWe Dont Need Internet Censorship Censorship is an extremely controversial issue. There have been hundreds of thousands of essays written about whether or not censorship on the Internet is right or wrong, but so far, no precise conclusion has surfaced. Ive researched into the topic, but I havent completely sided with one or the other. There are just good reasons against censorship. This essay briefly discusses some reasons why the Internet should be censored, but will then mainly focus

Psychological Effects of Television on Children’s...

Does violence on television have a negative effect on children and teenagers? The violence seen on television has had surprising negative effect. Violence shown on television causes children and teenagers to develop behavioral problems and learning disabilities. Such behavioral and learning problems include; language development, school performance / learning, cognitive development and their general behavior to others (Kinnear 27). In a study on the correlation between violence and television done with 1,565 teenage boys over a six-year period in London, William Belson, a British psychologist, found that every time a child saw someone being shot or killed on television they became less caring towards other people. William Belson also†¦show more content†¦Children who watched television alone were 8.47 times more likely to have language delay when compared to children who interacted with their caregivers during television viewing (Dorey 47). As recommended by the American Aca demy of Pediatrics (AAP), â€Å"Children under the age of 2 should watch no television at all, and after age 2 watch no more than one to two hours of quality programming a day† (Bettinghaus 57). Therefore, exposing such young children to television programs should be discouraged. Parents should engage children in more conversational activities to avoid television-related delays to their children language development, which could impair their intellectual performance (Dorey 47). Television can affect learning and school performance if it exceeds the time kids need for their crucial for healthy physical and mental development. Most of childrens free time, especially during the early development years, should be spent in activities such as playing, reading, exploring nature, learning about music or participating in sports. Research has shown that childrens exposure to television during the preschool years is predictive of academic outcomes during adolescence. The most notable le sson about thisShow MoreRelatedHow Television Viewing Affects Children Essay926 Words   |  4 PagesHow Television Viewing Affects Children (Rough Draft) The Department of Education states that television is viewed an average of three to five hours per day by children. Too much television can have an everlasting affects on children, such as violent behavior, aggressive behavior, poor school performance, obesity, early sexual activities, and early drug and alcohol use. Television can affect children both physical and psychological (qtd. in Graham 1). Some argue that television does not affectRead MoreEssay on Child Development1286 Words   |  6 Pagesthoughts that play is a child’s first step in attaining â€Å"cultural and psychological achievements†. (Bettelheim 324) The author also mentions Freud’s notation of how children use play to â€Å"express† themselves. (Bettelheim 324) Play is vital for the maturation of toddlers’ emotional and mental health. Bettelheim, in his article, reflects on Fraud’s understanding of â€Å"how children use play to work through and master quite complex psychological difficulties of the past and present†. (Bettelheim 324) As a motherRead MoreMedia Violence Essay1529 Words   |  7 Pagesthe link between televised violence and violent behavior amongst adolescents. Current studies have shown a direct correlation between aggressive conduct and watching violence depicted in many media services and suggest that media is a variable that put children at risk of aggressive behavior (Huesmann, Moise-Titus, Podolski, Eron, 1992). According to the American Psychological Association, watching playing violent scenes them on games and television, can desensitize children to the suffering andRead MoreCauses and Effects of Violence in Children Essay1698 Words   |  7 Pageschildren per year may witness or be victims of violence in their home, schools, or communities across the United States. Childhood exposure to violence has a huge overwhelming impact on children’s development, affect emotional growth, cognitive development, p hysical health, and school performances. This increase in children’s exposure to violence suggests that more children are at risk than what was expected. Has the definition of violence changed or now the society does not consider the impact ferocityRead MoreSocial Media Sites Impacting Children and Teens Essay1358 Words   |  6 Pagesincluded more surveys or interviews involving the participants. Assumptions Social media can greatly affect anyone, no matter the age. With the research provided there is an accurate assumption that social media can have a negative and positive effect on the youthful. Schools have allowed kids to do homework with electronic devices even though some teachers agree that social media has a heavy impact on students. Social media can be a positive outlet for those who practice it correctly and can increaseRead MoreHow Does Tv Affect Children1346 Words   |  6 PagesI really don’t understand why my niece who is only 6 years old always watches TV almost all the time. I also don’t know when she became addicted to watching television. Actually, I think maybe she likes watching TV because she might have nothing to do. It could also be her grandma who always offers to turn on the TV for her. What is the real cause, though? I can understand if it is because she has nothing to do. But sitting in front of the TV all day? No way! I don’t get it. I ha ve to see my nieceRead MoreHave Childrens Behavior Become Worse in these Recent Years? Essay1261 Words   |  6 Pagesextremely important is the high correlation among children’s bad behavior. This has become one of the biggest issue because of many safety problems. There has been an increase in violence among children that has created a lot of safety issues. As the facilitation that we have for media, the children’s behavior has also increased. There are many influential factors that have made children behave worse as time went by. Even there are many causes to this bad behavior, there are a lot of solutions that we canRead MoreEssay Television and Media - TV Violence is Ruining Children842 Words   |  4 PagesViolence is Ruining Children    A young child sits in front of a television watching cartoons while his mother runs around the house doing various chores.   The mother passes the room the child is in and glances at the television each time she passes.   The child is watching Sesame Street.   Then, a half an hour later, Mr. Rogers is on. The mother walks into the room a half an hour later and stops in horror at what is on the television.   Her young son is watching the same station as before, but nowRead MoreThe Impact Of Media On Child Development1510 Words   |  7 Pagesentertain themselves. Video games are the number one form of entertainment among youths in my personal opinion. Media and entertainment influences a lot to do with child development as it can interfere with the psychological and emotional development of children to adolescents causing aggressive behavior and disorderly conduct. (Need a thesis). Firstly, the media portrays many visual perceptions to the viewers on for examples, the ideal body image of women. These beauty standards, largely increased throughRead MoreDoes Television Affect Social Interaction? Essay1043 Words   |  5 Pageshidden danger lurking in our homes, and the origin may surprise you. Television has been around since the early 1950’s but behaviorists have just recently begun to start studying the effects these machines may have on children, social interaction and families. Research has begun to show negative consequences of television on children’s development and socialization proving that it does reduce and affect social interaction. Television, the dancing pixels behind a glass screen that have entranced many

Red Bull Marketing Mix Free Sample

Question: Discuss about the Understanding for Marketing and Events of Red Bull. Answer: Introduction Red Bull was founded in the year 1987 by an Austrian Company Red Bull GmbH with Dietrich Mateschitz, the entrepreneur (Red Bull 2016). Originally, the beverage was based on a Thai drink, Krating Daeng, and Red Bull was created as a completely new "energy drink" category in the beverage market (Red Bull 2016). The famous company slogan is "Red Bull gives you wings" and it has been giving wings to people setting up milestones in culture and sports (Red Bull 2016). Over 5.9 billion cans were sold in 2015 representing an increase in the sale by 6.1% (Red Bull 2016). The company employed 10,997 people at the end of 2015 (Red Bull 2016), and the revenue was reported as 5.11 billion Euros worldwide in 2014 (Statista 2014). Currently, Red Bull is available in more than 169 countries with Turkey, India, South Africa and Russia as its top market (Forbes.com 2015). Evidently, Red Bull has been increasing its global presence, and the goal is to spread its wings across the world. The corporate cu lture of the company has an adventurous spirit helping it to build an enviable performance record. The company has various departments and functions to manage the organization (Forbes Asia 2013). The beverage is highly appreciated by the top athletes, students and other people in demanding professions. A few Red Bull events are Red Bull Crashed Ice, Red Bull Cliff Diving World Series, Red Bull Racing, Red Bull Flugtag (Red Bull 2016). SWOT Analysis Strengths Red Bull has a unique marketing strategy that is considered a one of the core competencies. The brand has a strong consumer base as it supplies products at sporting events, clubs, universities and other sites where the individuals are open to trying new things. The brand has a large market share in comparison to competitors such as Monster, etc (Caffeineinformer.com 2016). Weaknesses The product base of the brand is small. The brand has a lack of effort to innovate new product variants. The drinks are above the average price creating a dilemma in minds of consumers. The competitor activities and brand extensions outperform Red Bull (Bailey 2015). Opportunities Red Bull can accelerate its growth in the emerging markets. The product line can be extended by offering new flavours and formats to retain/improve market share. New production facilities can make the retail price more competitive (Bailey 2015). Threats The marketing costs lead to rising pricing and require significant financial backing. Media reported that Red Bull is harmful to health due to high caffeine and taurine content. Monster is the greatest threat as it contains natural ingredients (Mitchell 2015). Table 1: SWOT Analysis Marketing Mix and Concepts A marketing mix is an integral tool for building an effective marketing strategy. There are two theories related to marketing mix: Seven Ps concept proposed by E. Jerome McCarthy and Seven Cs concept by Robert F. Lauterborn (Hajli 2015). Seven Ps Seven Cs Concepts Product Consumer wants and needs Product is an item that satisfies consumer demands. A brand or company sells products as desired by the consumers. The marketers must study the consumer desires and needs for offering them products that they are willing to purchase. Price Cost Price is the amount paid by the customer for purchasing the product. The cost of a product is affected by various factors but is not limited to customers cost to change. The companies also list prices based on competitive pricing. Place Convenience Distribution strategy defines the ease or convenience to consumers for accessing products. The marketers must know how to make the products conveniently available to the consumers. In the era of internet, consumers need not go anywhere to purchase product as it can be delivered. Promotion Communication Promotion is a combination of advertising, sales promotion, public relations and various other strategies for marketing the product. Methods of communication are used to convert desire of consumers into sales. People Caring People strategy ensures that the organization cares for its employees. The employees must be provided with motivation for delivering quality products and services. Process Co-ordination The process strategy involves efficient communication and coordination in an organization. The organization identifies customer needs and requirements. Physical Evidence Confirmation Physical evidence acts as the proofs that can be witnessed by the consumers. The evidence is usually in a tangible form that justifies its presence in the market. Table 2: Concepts of Marketing Mix Source: (Hajli 2015) Marketing Mix Elements Product Red Bull is a caffeinated, sweet drink aimed to give consumers the high energy kick. The taste of the beverage is unlike any other drink in the market. The ingredients contain B-vitamins and various others that act as functional element. The product is available in variants such as original, sugar-free, total zero and various other editions (Red Bull 2016). Price The price of product is premium across the world. The product is always priced more than its competitors following the premium pricing strategy (Hollensen 2015). Place Red Bull uses the tactic not to open its official shops; rather they sell their products in local markets for minimizing the sales cost. The product is easily available at any retail, food or drink outlets (Hollensen 2015). Promotion Red Bull uses the most suitable form of reaching its consumers. The products are promoted in the youth market and through lifestyle (Chionne and Scozzese 2014). Red Bull uses the above elements of marketing mix through various promotional activities and events. The brand markets its products through events such as Red Bull Cliff Diving World Series, Red Bull Crashed Ice and Red Bull Air Race where the participants need energy for navigating challenging obstacles. The brand also sponsors championship shows and races. These events attract large crowds and are broadcast taped and live in many countries. The target markets of the brand are students, extreme sports fans, clubbers, and careerists. The youth mainly participates and watch the show through which word-of-mouth marketing is also attained (Penna and Guenzi 2014). People Various departments are involved in the organization for production, marketing, operations and overall management. Red Bull cares for its employees to deliver quality outcomes and take the organization to a next level (Hollensen 2015). Process Red Bull covers many facets of the world. The event managers and partners capitalize opportunities available for Red Bull help the broadcasting and production. The process of communication drives loyalty and consumer engagement (Hollensen 2015). Physical Evidence There are various physical aesthetics provided by red Bull. The physical sites and location for constructing sport events act as physical evidence. The ambassadors who promote can also be considered as physical evidence. The cans and positioned stations are another feature (Hollensen 2015). Classification of Events Figure 1: Event Categorization Figure 2: Categorization of Events Red Bull Events Red Bull mainly conducts events and advertises through sponsorships. Mega Events Mega events largely affect the whole economy and are mainly conducted internationally. Red Bull Crashed Ice is an extreme winter sporting event conducted for world championship. The competition is conducted for individuals, teams and women (Chionne and Scozzese 2014). Red Bull Cliff Diving World Series is an annual international series in which the drivers jump from a height ranging 2628 m. The competition is conducted in various nations for both men and women (Chionne and Scozzese 2014). Major Events Major events help in attracting significant visitors, media coverage and economic interests. The competition between individuals represents nations. Red Bull Racing is an Austrian Formula One racing team where the team partners for more than just associates. The brand partners with Total, Tag Heuer and various others where the teams have passion for innovation (Red Bull Racing Formula One Team 2016). Red Bull Flugtag is an event organized by Red Bull in which the participants attempt to fly homemade human powered flying machines. The competition was reward-based and was played internationally (Young 2014). Impact of Red Bull marketing and Event Strategy The above discussion and events clearly distils the remarkable success of Red Bull. The marketing strategy of Red Bull engages consumers through sportsmanship, ideals and heroics. The brand is recognized through logo saturation. The videos depict feats of bravery and athleticism thereby evoking rush among people to drink the beverage. Positive Impacts Red Bull has grown into a powerful beverage brand by using the buzz-marketing strategy (Bustin et al. 2015). The event marketing increases brand equity due to the event attendance. Red Bull brings consumers to the product and not product to consumer (Bustin et al. 2015). Negative Impacts The event marketing of Red Bull also attracts the underage kids who are unfit to consume the beverage. There could be adverse health effects for them on consumption (Mitchell 2015). Red Bull faces competition from other companies such as Monster, Pepsi, Coca-Cola and other soft-drink brands (Mitchell 2015). Conclusion The above report discusses the marketing strategy and success of Red Bull, an Austrian energy drink that is imprinting its footmarks across the globe. Red Bull owns the greatest market share in comparison with Monster, V, and various other brands as competitors. The company follows buzz marketing that focuses on maximizing word-of-mouth potential through campaigning. The brand attracts youth, athletes, students and other professionals who have the rush of innovation and adventure. References Bailey, S., 2015.Monster Beverages extensive line of energy drinks - Market Realist. [online] Marketrealist.com. Available at: https://marketrealist.com/2015/01/monster-beverages-extensive-line-energy-drinks/ [Accessed 21 Mar. 2016]. Bustin, G., Jones, D., Hansenne, M. and Quoidbach, J., 2015. Who does Red Bull give wings to? Sensation seeking moderates sensitivity to subliminal advertisement.Frontiers in Psychology, 6. Caffeineinformer.com, 2016.Top Selling Energy Drink Brands. [online] Caffeineinformer.com. Available at: https://www.caffeineinformer.com/the-15-top-energy-drink-brands [Accessed 21 Mar. 2016]. Chionne, R. and Scozzese, G., 2014. Some Evidence on Unconventional Marketing: Focus on Guerrilla Marketing.IBR, 7(12). Forbes Asia, 2013.The Wind Behind Red Bull's Wings. [online] Forbes.com. Available at: https://www.forbes.com/sites/forbesasia/2013/06/24/the-wind-behind-red-bulls-wings/#6081f5833e6c [Accessed 20 Mar. 2016]. Forbes.com, 2015.Red Bull on Forbes Lists. [online] Forbes.com. Available at: https://www.forbes.com/companies/red-bull/ [Accessed 20 Mar. 2016]. Hajli, N., 2015.Handbook of research on integrating social media into strategic marketing. USA: IGI Global. Hollensen, S., 2015.Marketing management. Harlow [u.a.]: Pearson. Jackson, N., 2013.Promoting and marketing events. New York: Routledge. Mitchell, L., 2015.What Red Bull does to your body will shock you. [online] Dailystar.co.uk. Available at: https://www.dailystar.co.uk/diet-fitness/459086/Red-bull-bad-for-heart-calories-caffeine-energy-drinks [Accessed 21 Mar. 2016]. Penna, D. and Guenzi, P., 2014. How to use a sponsorship platform to support an international master brand strategy: The UniCredit UEFA champions league sponsorship.J Brand Manag, 21(2), pp.133-149. Red Bull Racing Formula One Team, 2016.Meet Our Team Partners | Red Bull Racing Formula One Team. [online] Red Bull Racing Formula One Team. Available at: https://www.redbullracing.com/partners [Accessed 21 Mar. 2016]. Red Bull, 2016.Red Bull Company profile - Origin, owner founder :: Energy Drink :: Red Bull India. [online] Energydrink-in.redbull.com. Available at: https://energydrink-in.redbull.com/the-company [Accessed 20 Mar. 2016]. Statista, 2014.Red Bull's company revenue worldwide, 2014 | Statistic. [online] Statista. Available at: https://www.statista.com/statistics/275169/red-bulls-company-sales-worldwide/ [Accessed 20 Mar. 2016]. Young, A., 2014.Brand media strategy. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.

Stories and Memoirs of Our Lives Essay Example For Students

Stories and Memoirs of Our Lives Essay My grandpa is currently writing his memoir and he tells me that many seniors in our community are also writing theirs. My grandpa tells me about the difficulties and confusions he encounters when writing his memoir, and asks me for some advices. I am currently in UCI’s writing class and learn argumentative writings, and I also learned personal narrative writing before. With my several years of writing experience and one year’s writing training in college, I conclude some writing principle in personal narrative writing. However, through my discussions and conversations with my grandpa and observations of some other seniors in our community who are also writing memoirs, I find some common mistakes they make that dont follow these principles. Im very pleased to give some suggestions to the seniors in our community on improving their memoir writing. But besides telling some specific rules about writing, I also want to discuss that why do we share our stories of our lives. We have to know that what memoir writing can bring us, rather than blindly start writing. We will write a custom essay on Stories and Memoirs of Our Lives specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Memoirs can benefit us because by writing the history of ourselves in the memoirs, both writers and readers can learn lessons from the mistakes the writers made, and in a larger scale, the mistakes of the whole society. We can learn lessons from history, and avoid making the same mistakes. An important principle of writing memoir is to be honest. Being honest means that you need to tell the truth about your own real story and feelings. Making up a fake story, or denying something that really happened are not acceptable in memoir writing. Honesty help you present readers a real scenario of things happened in the old days. For example, my grandpa has been through so many historical events in Chinese history, and an important one is the devastating Cultural Revolution. During the period of the Cultural Revolution, almost all the people in China went crazy and totally believed in the principles that Chairman Mao Zedong said, which were mostly wrong. People began to ruin valuable historical relics, participated in public humiliation and seized some people’s property. And my grandpa also was part of these people. This catastrophe causes heaviest losses in Chinese history. Some people try to justify their behaviors, or deny the fact that their behaviors cause lots of pain to other people in their memoir. They are not honest about their faults and lie about what happened in the past. This is not the right way to write a memoir because these people won’t be trusted by the readers. In â€Å"Rules for the Much Maligned Form† written by Katie Roiphe, she says, â€Å"If the reader senses the writer is lying even to himself, or using the essay as a piece of propaganda, a forwarding of his own personal mythology in too clumsy or transparent a way, she will react against it. By saying this, Roiphe points out the bad influence of not being honest in writing your own stories. If you are not honest about what happened to you, you are not trustworthy and your stories’ authenticity will also be questioned. In contrast, being honest in memoir writing leads to a different result. Readers can trust you if you are honest, and readers can actually learn the lessons if they see that you honestly point out your mistakes and their effects. My grandpa honestly admits his own faults in the Cultural Revolution, and reflects the huge bad influence of mistakes made by society in the Cultural Revolution. He successfully warns both himself and the younger generations not to make these mistakes again. Being honest can help writers earn the trustworthiness from the readers, and more importantly, being honest can help both ourselves and readers to face the truth, and learn the lessons from the past. However, although being honest is important, it’s also very difficult for writers. Firstly, people’s memories are not what really happened. .u3557166c1a05c9d8a05dcccf4aadacf4 , .u3557166c1a05c9d8a05dcccf4aadacf4 .postImageUrl , .u3557166c1a05c9d8a05dcccf4aadacf4 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u3557166c1a05c9d8a05dcccf4aadacf4 , .u3557166c1a05c9d8a05dcccf4aadacf4:hover , .u3557166c1a05c9d8a05dcccf4aadacf4:visited , .u3557166c1a05c9d8a05dcccf4aadacf4:active { border:0!important; } .u3557166c1a05c9d8a05dcccf4aadacf4 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u3557166c1a05c9d8a05dcccf4aadacf4 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u3557166c1a05c9d8a05dcccf4aadacf4:active , .u3557166c1a05c9d8a05dcccf4aadacf4:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u3557166c1a05c9d8a05dcccf4aadacf4 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u3557166c1a05c9d8a05dcccf4aadacf4 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u3557166c1a05c9d8a05dcccf4aadacf4 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u3557166c1a05c9d8a05dcccf4aadacf4 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u3557166c1a05c9d8a05dcccf4aadacf4:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u3557166c1a05c9d8a05dcccf4aadacf4 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u3557166c1a05c9d8a05dcccf4aadacf4 .u3557166c1a05c9d8a05dcccf4aadacf4-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u3557166c1a05c9d8a05dcccf4aadacf4:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Happee Uai EssayPeople In â€Å"But Enough About Me,† written by Daniel Mendelsohn, he says, â€Å"We always manage to turn our memories into good stories-even if those stories arent quite true. People unconsciously change their memories to the stories that they want to remember, and forget the pains and the bad parts about the stories. They dont even realize that they are telling lies. And it’s really hard for people to clearly remember things that happened a long time ago. But I believe that when people are writing memoirs, their friends are still alive and they can discuss with their friends and relatives. And people also have the diaries, which record th eir stories, and photos, which can’t be fake, to help themselves write true stories. Another principle is to turn a critical eye on yourself in memoir writing. All people have some mistakes that they made in their lives or something that they regret because no one is perfect. Criticizing yourself means that you need to bravely face some mistakes that you made in the past, and rather than blaming things to other people, you need to point out your faults. But people dont always wants to criticize themselves. Mendelsohn says, â€Å"People have been complaining about the shallowness, the opportunism, the lying, the betrayals, the narcissism. † People tend to write stories about being deceived and betrayed by other people, and stories about the unfair society. But you need to attack yourself and point out that your own mistakes. Dont take different standards when treating others and yourself, and dont try to protect yourself from faults. Criticizing yourself not only help you to rethink profoundly about your life and reflect over yourself, but also help readers think profoundly about the mistakes. A memoir with both happiness and sorrow, satisfaction and regret, and things that they were right and wrong can reflect the real history and can really move the readers. Through self-criticizing, writers can help both readers and themselves to learn the lessons.

The Frankfurt School of Critical Theory

The Frankfurt School of Critical Theory The Frankfurt School refers to a collection of scholars known for developing critical theory  and popularizing the dialectical method of learning by interrogating societys contradictions and is most closely associated with the work of Max Horkheimer, Theodor W. Adorno, Erich Fromm, and Herbert Marcuse. It was not a school, in the physical sense, but rather a school of thought associated with some scholars at the Institute for Social Research at the University of Frankfurt in Germany. The Institute was founded by Marxist scholar  Carl Grà ¼nberg  in 1923, and initially financed by another Marxist scholar, Felix Weil. However, the Frankfurt School is known for a  particular brand of culturally focused  neo-Marxist theory- a rethinking of classical Marxism to update it to their socio-historical period- which proved seminal for the fields of sociology, cultural studies, and media studies. Max Horkheimer receiving the chain of office by former Rector Prof. Rajewski. Dr. Horkheimer left Germany in the early days of the Third Reich when his institute for Social Research fell under the Nazi ban. Bettman/Getty Images In 1930 Max Horkheimer became the director of the Institute and recruited many of those who came to be known collectively as the Frankfurt School. Living, thinking, and writing in the aftermath of  Marxs failed prediction of revolution, and dismayed by the rise of Orthodox Party Marxism and a dictatorial form of communism, these scholars turned their attention to the problem of rule through ideology, or rule carried out in the realm of culture. They believed that this form of rule was  enabled by technological advancements in communications and the reproduction of ideas. (Their ideas were similar to Italian scholar-activist  Antonio Gramscis theory of cultural hegemony.)  Other early members of the Frankfurt  School included Friedrich Pollock, Otto Kirchheimer, Leo Là ¶wenthal, and Franz Leopold Neumann. Walter Benjamin was also associated with it during its mid-twentieth  century heyday. One of the core concerns of the scholars of the Frankfurt School, especially Horkheimer, Adorno, Benjamin, and  Marcuse, was the rise of what Horkheimer and Adorno initially called mass culture (in  Dialectic of Enlightenment).  This phrase refers to the way technological developments had newly  allowed for the distribution of cultural products- like music, film, and art- on a mass scale, reaching all who were connected by the technology in society. (Consider that when these scholars began crafting their critiques, radio and cinema were still new phenomena, and television had not yet hit the scene.) Their concern focused on how technology-enabled both a sameness in production, in the sense that technology shapes content and cultural frameworks create styles and genres, and also, a sameness of cultural experience, in which an unprecedented mass of people would sit passively before cultural content, rather than actively engage with one another for entertainment, as they had in the past. They theorized that this experience made people intellectually inactive and politically passive, as they allowed mass-produced ideologies and values to wash over them and infiltrate their consciousness. They argued that this process was one of the missing links in Marxs theory of the domination of capitalism, and largely helped to explain why Marxs theory of revolution never came to pass.  Marcuse took this framework and applied it to consumer goods and the new consumer lifestyle that had just become the norm in Western countries at mid-twentieth century, and argued that consumerism functioned in much the same way, through a creation of false needs that can only be satisfied by the products of capitalism. Given the political context of pre-WWII Germany at the time, Horkheimer chose to move the Institute for the safety of its members. They first moved to Geneva in 1933, and then to New York in 1935, where they affiliated with Columbia University. Later, after the war, the Institute was re-established in Frankfurt in 1953. Later theorists affiliated with the School include Jà ¼rgen Habermas and Axel Honneth, among others. Philosopher Herbert Marcuse in 1968 while he was a Professor of Philosophy at the University of California at San Diego. Bettman/Getty Images Key works by members of the Frankfurt School include but are not limited to: Traditional and Critical Theory, Max HorkheimerDialectic of Enlightenment, Max Horkheimer and Theodor W. AdornoCritique of Instrumental Reason, Max HorkheimerThe Authoritarian Personality, Theodor W. AdornoAesthetic Theory, Theodor W. AdornoCulture Industry Reconsidered, Theodor W. AdornoOne-Dimensional Man, Herbert MarcuseThe Aesthetic Dimension: Toward a Critique of Marxist Aesthetics, Herbert MarcuseThe Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction, Walter BenjaminStructural Transformation and the Public Sphere, Jà ¼rgen HabermasTowards a Rational Society,  Jà ¼rgen Habermas

Critically analyze how successful the British government's use of Essay

Critically analyze how successful the British government's use of Spending Reviews has been as a way of making government more - Essay Example Definition and history of Spending Reviews The Spending Review is ‘the HM Treasury led process that allocates public expenditures.’1 It is intended to ‘set a clear direction for reform, focused on shifting power from central government to the local level.’2 In the late 1990s, the New Labour government came into power in the U.K., and embarked on several reforms whereby public spending may be made more effectively. One of these reforms is the introduction of medium-term spending reviews. The first Comprehensive Spending Review was conducted in 1998 and published in July of that year. Three subsequent spending reviews were conducted in the years 2000, 2002 and 2004. The subsequent Comprehensive Spending Review was conducted in 2007, and the next after that in 2010.3 The diagram on the following page shows the progression of Spending Reviews from 1998 when the process was first adopted and the first Comprehensive SR was conducted, to the next CST in 2007. ... Source: OECD Senior Budget Officials Network4 The adoption of the CST98 was in line with the public sector reform for that year, which introduced the three year spending plans, as well as the use of resource based accounting and budgeting. The review stressed greater protection for capital spending, proper asset management, and was anchored on outcome-focused performance targets.5 In 2009, the Government borrowed one pound for every four pounds it spent. As a result, the cost of debt servicing (which is comprised of interest payments on public debt) exceeds what the Government spends for England’s schools in one year.6 Significance of spending reviews as strategic tool for government Spending reviews provide government a tool for controlling public spending in two ways: (1) that during the budget planning process, proposed spending could be more effectively aligned with the strategic goals of government; and (2) that interim reviews could act as a monitoring tool to ensure tha t the actual expenditures are consistent with the budgeted allocations and, if not, that justification could be found which nevertheless serves the strategic goal, and where none could be found, that further spending could be halted along this line before runaway expenses could be incurred. There is a fundamental difference between the Comprehensive Spending Review conducted in 1998, 2007 and 2010, and the spending reviews conducted in 2000, 2002 and 2004. The CSR is a fundamental strategic review of spending priorities, while the SR creates ‘merely incremental changes to existing priorities.’7 There is a distinction between two types of public expenditures that are provided for in the spending reviews. The first is the annually

Pre-testing of Advertisement before Launching Essay

Pre-testing of Advertisement before Launching - Essay Example Coulter (2005. pp43-44) termed this as attitude change as a function of information processing & "persuasive communication". Coulter termed the attitude change as quantitative effect of advertisement and variation in thinking as a result of advertisement as qualitative effect of advertisement. Chaudhuri (2001. pp275) discovered some evidence of the effects of advertisement that the dimensions of customer emotions are strongly linked with the perception of risks in purchasing products & services. In fact the author also established that negative emotions have much stronger influence than positive emotions the in way that the same create threatening consumption scenarios for customers thus leading to negative perceptions of risks pertaining to the products & services. Also it was observed by the author that the perceptions of risks are more prevalent in products where the customers tend to actively analyze the pros & cons of acquiring them. It was surprising to be observed that alcohol & cigarettes, in spite of display of clear warning messages, were highly consumed by the users given that they buy these products more because of addiction rather than need. In this context, the author also appreciates the comment by Wang and Minor (2008. pp198) that "Marketing research needs to pursue more precise, comprehensive, and unbiased measurements of the psychological processes to reflect a broader and deeper intellectual understanding of the human mind's mechanism". Looking into these complex expected reactions of consumers, it is highly risky to launch an advertisement to customers without carrying out psychological effectiveness tests of the campaigns. In fact, if the advertisements are launched without such tests and the results are disastrously negative perceptions in customer's mind, then the damages thus caused may take ages to be repaired and sometimes may even get rendered as absolutely irreparable. For example, in a very recent research Hansen and Strick et al (2009. pp145) challenged an old myth that humour makes the impact of an advertisement very effective. After an impressive survey on this subject they realized that humour in advertising reduces memory of brand names as it distracts the customers from brand names from even within the advertisements. They discovered that customers only remember the humour but not the company and its brand names. Also, customers may not take such products seriously although they appreciate the humour a lot. This discovery may shatter empirical generalizations that have been letting millions of dollars getting shed on some conceptual framework that is traditionally perceived to be effective only to be realized now that the output was more damaging and against the objectives of the campaign. This justifies that campaigns should be tested effectively before they can be launched to actual end customers. Having said that, it needs to be understood and emphasized that this is not an easy phenomena. The advertisement designers need to come out of the shell and comfort zone and be ready to face the criticism from the testers of the advertisement. The testers need to be certain individuals that have no stake

Innovations and predecessors Essay Example for Free

Innovations and predecessors Essay At a first glance, this seems a very spiritual statement from Brook, but through reading it again it shows him trying to replace honesty (from the character) with words spoken with deep meaning (from the actor). Although this is only my personal interpretation. Throughout this chapter in The Shifting Point, I noticed that he is constantly asking us, the reader, questions about acting and the theatre. At times he answers with his ideas, telling us his methods and ideas, when he does answer you can almost hear him shouting, preaching the answers to the reader, which just shows how passionate he is about his theatre. Grotowski is unique. Why? Because no one else in the world, to my knowledge, no one since Stanislavsky, has investigated the nature of acting, its phenomenon, its meaning, the nature and science of its mental-physical-emotional processes as deeply and completely as Grotowski. (Brook, 1987:37) This extract shows that although Brook has much in common theatrically with Stanislavsky, he has now met someone who uses similar methods but in Brooks eyes, uses these methods in a better way. Brook goes on to explain that both his and Grotowskis work has points of contact and with these they came together. They both need a crowd on stage and off stage, on stage actors showing their most intimate truths to the crowd (audience) off stage, to share an experience with them. In The Shifting Point, Brook remembers that Grotowski left behind a daily challenge with the intensity, the honesty and the precision of his work. This practitioner is obviously one that Brook looked up to and shared his knowledge with. Grotowski was infamous for retreating from theatre and creating a space for an exhaustive investigation of the basic, physical truths of acting (The Guardian, 2004:4. 10. 2003) Perhaps the most significant development influenced by Artaud was the ensemble theatre movement of the 1960s. Exemplified by the Polish Laboratory Theatre of Jerzy Grotowski, Peter Brooks Theatre of Cruelty Workshop (Drama and Dramatic Arts, Microsoft Encarta Online Encyclopedia 2004) These productions, which usually came out of months of work, relied on physical movement, unclear language and sound, and often unusual arrangements of space. The Theatre of Cruelty derived from the work of the French actor, poet and theoretician, Antonin Artaud. Artaud was a member of the Surrealist movement and had a vision of art as a means of galvanising society and effecting social change. (Halfyard, 2000:http://www. maxopus. com/essays/8songs_m. htm) Artaud used the word cruelty not to evoke sadism, but to call us toward a theatre more rigorous, or even, if we could follow him that far, pitiless to us all. (Brook, 1987:56) The vision of changing society and effecting social change leads to another practitioner who has inspired Peter Brooks theatre, Bertolt Brecht. Brecht felt that drama could instruct and change society; therefore, it should be political. He believed that effective theatre should bring the audience to the point of decision and action. No one seriously concerned with the theatre can by-pass Brecht, Brecht is the key figure of our time, and all theatre work today at some point starts or returns to his statements and achievement. (Brook, 1968:71-72) Brecht wanted a type of theatre in which the audience could focus on a plays themes rather than becoming emotionally involved with its characters. With this, he developed the ground-breaking epic theatre, where his actors would read their lines without emotion, allowing the audience to concentrate on the planned moral messages of the play. For Brechts actors, their aim was to create a response from the audience, the alienation that Brecht created. Alienation is cutting, interrupting, holding something up to the light, making us look again. Alienation is above all an appeal to the spectator to work for himself (Brook, 1968:72) Going against Stanislavsky and Grotowski, Brecht introduced the idea that fully did not mean lifelike for him, Brecht wanted every actor to go with the action of the play, but understand the true purpose from the authors point of view; to the needs of the changing world. Brook is less inclined to believe that it is possible to change things merely by pointing things out to people. (Mitter, 1992:64) Brecht desires the outcome to be social change, whereas Brook wants the end product to go beyond alienation and reveal what we, as a society, want to forget. Brook requires his actors at once to be their characters, and then not to be their characters. Confusing as it may sound, we must recognise that Brook wants his actors to play their characters, but not lose themselves in the action so it seems untrue to real life; he needs a sense of reality, their own personalities to come through. It must be conceded that in Brook this is achieved by the fact that his actors are represented in their drama not by their opinions merely as in Brecht, but by their courageous portrayal of their every evasion, hypocrisy and untruth. (Mitter, 1992:76-77) Brook does get his inspiration from all of the above practitioners, as well as Meyerhold and Reinhardt through researching Brooks Theatre of Cruelty. I noticed that Brook has more similarities in relation to his theatre to Jerzy Grotowski, they have the same objectives but differing methods in reaching them. Perhaps because this was a close friendship as described in The Shifting Point: Grotowskis work and ours have parallels and points of contact. Through these, through sympathy, through respect, we came together. (Brook, 1987:38) Brook utilises various methods from Stanislavsky and Brecht, but there are also disagreements with their methods: There is so much of Brechts work I admire, so much of his work with which I disagree totally. (Brook, 1987:26-27) Like anybody who has a passion for something, whether it is art, sport or theatre, Brook has looked to his passion, theatre, and its innovations and predecessors. Brook has took the essential elements from these practitioners and made them his own. The way Brook regularly asks the questions in his books to the reader, does bring the whole text to life as if he is testing the reader on what they have just read; you could even compare it to an exam revision textbook. Obviously this is not what the genres of his books are about, both The Shifting Point and The Empty Space are autobiographies of his life in theatre; part of the title of The Shifting Point even says forty years of theatrical exploration. I feel all of his works in text are learning resources, not just for drama students, but also for anybody who enjoys the theatre to show them the hidden depth of performance, not just linked with the acting- all the elements that make an ideal, true-to-life or alienating performance.

Oscar Wildes The Importance of Being Earnest Essay -- Oscar Wilde Imp

Oscar Wilde's The Importance of Being Earnest Webster’s dictionary defines earnest as â€Å"characterized by or proceeding from an intense and serious state of mind.† This definition is subject to total upheaval by Oscar Wilde in The Importance of Being Earnest. The title suggests a treatise on the value of solemnity in everyday life. However, Wilde presents us with an ironic play that leaves us with the opposite lesson. None of the characters benefit from propriety. The least serious characters, Algernon and Jack are rewarded in the end for their frivolous behavior throughout the play, implying that there is very little, if any, importance to being earnest, excepting that you give the appearance of such, for example the name. In several instances, even indirectly, Wilde draws back the curtain of convention in the Victorian age and shows us the ridiculousness of such a passionate attachment to gravity. Before the name or adjective is even used the reader is presented with two men, Algernon (the purveyor of un-earnestness) and Jack, his protà ©gà © in deceit and jocularity. The discussion on their alternate personas’ escapades introduces us to the irony of the title. â€Å"You have always told me it was Ernest. I have introduced you to everyone as Ernest. You answer to the name of Ernest. You look as if your name was Ernest. You are the most earnest-looking person I ever saw in my life. It is perfectly absurd your saying that you name isn’t Ernest.† (Act I p. 14) Not only does Wilde put the concept of â€Å"being earnest† into question throughout the play but he doubles the irony by adding such importance to the name itself. For Algernon to tell Jack he is being ridiculous by asserting he has been lying about his name and... ... on Victorian culture, the modern day reader is left with disdain for the earnest ideal. The characters rely on it only superficially. Through the play the meaning of the word is manipulated until its meaning is lost and the remaining value of the word is to essentially mask the true natures of the people who use the word (or name) too freely. The implication is that the characters in the play are silly as well as hypocritical, and as representatives of Victorian culture, Wilde is leading the reader to the conclusion that much of the decorum expounded by society is just as silly and hypocritical. Luckily for the proponents of the stiff propriety in the Victorian age, the blow of this conclusion is softened immensely by the comical nature of the play, and we are left with the lesson that there is really no importance in being earnest, but merely being named Ernest.

Criminal Profiling Questions Essay

1. Analyze inductive/deductive reasoning. Inductive criminal investigative assessments: The inductive approach to profiling is a based on the simple premise that â€Å"If certain crimes committed by different people are similar, then the offenders must also share some type of personality traits. (Holmes & Holmes, 2009)† Inductive reasoning seems to be the more â€Å"scientific† of the two as it is strictly based on criminals that have committed the same or same type of crime. It is much quicker as it is strictly based upon statistics and easily conducted (with the proper databases) searches based on the types of crimes. When you combine the simplicity and the speed at which it can be done, it would seem it would be a foregone conclusion that this is the technique to use. However, inductive assessments are not completely reliable due to no connection to the current crime and strictly relegated to using similar facts and types of crimes to aid in creating a profile. Deductive criminal investigative assessments: â€Å"From a thorough analysis of the crime scene and the evidence left at the crime scene, the profiler is able to construct a mental picture of the unknown offender. (Holmes & Holmes, 2009). Deductive profiling is based upon the artistic ability of putting together the available information and picturing the events that occurred and the offenders that committed these events. Deductive profiling is more complex and takes longer to conduct a thorough enough investigation to begin putting the pieces together to form the entire puzzle. Deductive profiling is much more reliable as it is based on information pertinent to the specific crime committed and not simply based upon similar types of crime that are typically not in any way related to the current crime being investigated. The most popular form of profiling is a combined inductive/deductive profiling. Using inductive profiling, you would compile statistics about similar crimes and use the similarities between the multiple offenders and begin to form the outline of your profile. Using the crime scene information, you would then begin to evaluate from a perspective that is specific to your crime scene and not based on similarities in crimes. Upon completion of using your criminal database to build you outline, you would then apply the specific data derived from the crime scene and begin to apply the details of the offender to complete your profile. Holmes, R. and Holmes, S. (2009). Profiling Violent Crimes, an Investigative Tool (4th Ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, Inc. 2. Goals of criminal profiling 1. Provide the Criminal Justice system with a social and psychological assessment of the offender. Goal 1 is to provide a detailed assessment of the offender which should include specifics (i.e. race, gender, employment, age range, etc.) that narrows the possibilities in which law enforcement can focus their efforts and reduce the scope of the investigation. 2. Provide the Criminal Justice systems with a Psychological evaluation of belongings found in the possession of the offender. Goal 2 is specific to the physical evidence and relevant information in a case and how it relates to the specific offender’s psychological profile. This will help in the case by adding to the offender’s profile and by helping derive locations, times, etc.. 3. Provide interviewing suggestions and strategies. Goal 3 is to help investigators get to the ground truth, through different methods, during the interrogation process. Different types of people respond to different stimulus, therefore different strategies must be emplaced based upon multiple categories your offender falls into.

The Invention Of The Automobile - 1751 Words

Contrary to popular belief Henry Ford did not invent the automobile, or the assembly line. More than any other individual he was responsible for transforming the automobile from an Invention of unknown utility into an innovation that profoundly shaped the 20th century and still To this day continues to affects our live. Innovators change things, they take their own ideas, And sometimes other people’s, and develop and promote those ideas until it has become accepted As part of our daily lives. Innovation requires self-confidence a test for taking risks leadership Ability and a vision of what the future should be. Henry Ford had all these characteristics, but it took him many years to fully develop all of them. Fords beginnings were perfectly normal. He was born on his Fathers farm on July 30, 1863 in what is now Dearborn Michigan. Early on ford demonstrated some of the characteristics that would make him powerful, famous, and successful. He organized other boys to build rudimentary, water wheels and steam engines by becoming friends with the man who ran them he taught himself to fix watches, delight thus young ford demonstrated mechanical ability, a Faculty for leadership and ability a facility for leaning by trail- and- error. Ford could have followed his Father and become a farmer but, young Henry was fascinate by machines and was willing to Take big risks to pursue that fascination .In 1879 ford left the farm to become an apprentice at the Michigan Company a manufactherShow MoreRelatedThe Invention Of The Automobile2373 Words   |  10 PagesAutomobiles are arguably one of the most important inventions in the history of the world. Not only have they allowed us to get from point A to point B in a faster fashion than walking but they have also aided us in new inventions that will greatly benefit the world. 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